I get that its an area he might want to look at in a year or so (I'd have thought the immediate priority for someone whose just survived a coup would be the universities)
Ultimately it's not like the teachers of Turkey ordered the army into revolt, and this is why the whole thing has someting of a pre-meditated appearance about it. The greater probability however would be that it was a policy/ strategy that was in the pipeline, which he's now brought forward. If he's consistent, then you'd expect the civil service to be subjected to similar within the week
Erdogan has made little secret of his desire to restore the prestige of the Ottoman empire and this has brought him into conflict with some states in the Gulf (notably Saudia Arabia as it happens) but its not as if this is an insurmountable barrier either. We see it in Europe, which let's be honest, has a more turbulent history of nation on nation warfare. The UK is allied with plenty of countries today that it previously governed (not least of which being the USA). There's always scope to work together in shared areas. Syria, Iran, and Kurdistan are areas where the Turks and Saudis are aligned. Egypt for instance isn't
Ultimately Turkey under Erdogan is encouraging Islam to play a wider role in public life, so long as this continues, the capacity for a federation increases so far as I can see, even if it ultimately uses Iran as the excuse for forming it