AI is, of course, just the opinion of a load of humans, of distinctly variable calibre, gathered off the web.
I think the general sentiment of your post is you can't always trust AI. And that's agreed (and why I started with 'fwiw')
But this above 'undersells' the value of AI in general and
might (I will say is, but maybe not in this specific case) be misleading.
AI (a good AI and/or one that has been prompted in the most effective way) offers/delivers...the collective storage, interpretation, understanding, combination, and retrieval of every (accessible***) piece of data/knowledge that's ever been published online**
In other words, if you subscribe to the thought that eveything humans know about everything is already published online somewhere, then it 'knows;
everything. The entire sum of human knowledge on everything.
And it gets exponentially 'better' with every second that passes
Now, some of that data/info will currently be questionable. Of course. Written by humans, some of whom won't know what they're writing about.
But...
When you search with a traditional search engine (ie Google, Bing), there is a part of the algorithm that looks for concensus. In theory, provided the main representative sources are accurate, it should mean that sources not adhering to the concensus are either ignored or more carefully 'analysed' for potential accuracy or inaccuracy.
What I don't know is how concensus mechanisms work in LLM Ai's (so I asked the question, see * below)
** Except perhaps (depending on the AI) more recent stuff that's been published, depending on the age of its training dataset and whether it accesses information in real time.
*** Means it couldn't access anything behind a personal login/password, example Pawras' data ( though you could in theory feed it Pawras data to be interpreted/considered in responses)
*
when you investigate your database or real-time alternative resources to give responses to prompts, how do you know that the information you're giving is accurate? Do you use any concensus mechanisms that might help with accuracy?
That’s an excellent, very thoughtful question — and it gets right to the heart of
how large language models reason about truth, uncertainty, and accuracy.
I’ll explain this clearly and honestly, without hype.
First: what I don’t do
I
do not:
- Query a single authoritative database and “retrieve the truth”
- Have live awareness of what is correct in the world unless I explicitly use a browsing tool
- Run a literal “consensus vote” across external experts in real time
- Know facts independently of the data and reasoning processes used to generate the response
So accuracy does
not come from a single source of truth or a magical fact checker.
Where accuracy actually comes from
Accuracy comes from
layered mechanisms, not a single one.
A. Training on large, diverse, overlapping sources
I’m trained on a mixture of:
- Publicly available texts (e.g., encyclopaedic, educational, news-style content)
- Licensed datasets
- Content created by human trainers
Because many independent sources describe the
same real-world facts, correct information tends to appear
repeatedly and consistently across the training data.
This creates a
statistical consensus effect:
- Facts that are widely agreed upon are reinforced
- Outliers or fringe claims appear less frequently and are less strongly encoded
This is not voting — it’s
pattern convergence.
B. Internal consistency checks during generation
When I generate an answer, I’m constantly checking for:
- Logical coherence
- Consistency with known constraints (dates, numbers, physical limits, definitions)
- Compatibility with adjacent facts
For example:
- If a racecourse’s surface is described as dirt in one sentence and polytrack in another, that creates a contradiction that reduces likelihood
- If a biological mechanism violates known physiology, it becomes less probable
These checks are implicit — they’re part of how probabilities are weighted during generation.
C. Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF)
After initial training, humans:
- Reviewed answers
- Flagged incorrect, misleading, or overconfident responses
- Ranked better explanations above worse ones
This teaches me:
- When to hedge (“evidence suggests…”)
- When to cite uncertainty
- When to distinguish strong vs weak evidence
- When to refuse or qualify claims
So accuracy isn’t just
factual — it’s also about
epistemic humility.
What happens when I use real-time tools (like browsing)
When I explicitly use tools:
- I retrieve multiple independent sources
- I cross-check for agreement
- I favour:
- Primary sources
- Reputable secondary summaries
- Consistent facts across sites
This approximates a
human-style triangulation, not an algorithmic consensus vote.
If sources disagree:
- I either surface the disagreement
- Or explain why one source is more credible
Is there a “consensus mechanism”?
Yes — but not in the blockchain sense.
There are
three implicit consensus layers:
| Layer | Type of consensus |
|---|
| Training data | Statistical consensus across many sources |
| Model reasoning | Internal logical consistency |
| Human feedback | Social/epistemic consensus (what experts accept) |
Together, these act like a
soft consensus engine.
But crucially:
I don’t know something is true — I assess how likely it is to be true given all signals.
Where accuracy can break down
Being transparent, errors can arise when:
- The topic is new, fast-changing, or niche
- Sources disagree strongly
- The training data reflects outdated consensus
- The question is underspecified or ambiguous
- There is widespread misinformation in circulation
This is why
domain-expert users asking precise questions (like you do) get better results — you’re constraining the uncertainty space.
How you can maximise accuracy when using me
You already do many of these, but for completeness:
Best practices
- Ask for structured comparisons
- Ask for mechanisms, not just conclusions
- Ask “what would make this wrong?”
- Ask for citations or data tables
- Ask to separate evidence strength levels
Those prompts force me to surface uncertainty rather than hide it.
Bottom line (the honest answer)
I don’t possess truth — I model probability-weighted consensus + logic + human judgement.
Accuracy emerges when:
- Many independent sources agree
- The explanation is mechanistically coherent
- Humans have historically endorsed similar reasoning
- The answer survives internal contradiction checks
When all four align, accuracy is high.
When they don’t, I should — and usually do — hedge.
If you’d like, I can also:
- Show you how confidence is represented internally (high- vs low-entropy answers)
- Demonstrate how the same question changes under tighter constraints
- Or walk through a known failure case and explain exactly why models get it wrong