We have a position where America actively supports "moderates" in fighting a sovereign elected government. There is no such thing as a "moderate" jihadist. A "moderate" suicide bomber? It's an oxymoron. And there is no such thing as the Free Syrian Army -- it's a phantom, and a figment of propaganda in the mind of the C.I.A.
Last month of course the CIA conceeded to Congress that they'd only succeeded in training "four or five" moderates from their $500m programme. This month they closed it down and put the figure at 120 now (they must have got a spurt on!). More alarmingly (as wasting American money isn't necessarily that fatal) is that they've admitted they'd identified two groups within the umbrella of the so-called Free Syrian Army whom they'd supplied training and equipment to. One of them subsequently defected and went over to Al-Nusra. The other one was defeated on the battlefield and handed their weapons over to ISIL in return for safe passage. All the American's could do was assure us that they hadn't supplied anti aircraft weapons!
This kind of brings us to the role of Saudi Arabia and Qatar as no one knows who they've been supplying with what.
It's difficult to argue that either of these states are acting in the interests of promoting freedom and liberal democratic reform. If they wanted to pin their colours to this mast, then they could clearly demonstrate their commitment in some very obvious and visible ways. But they don't do, do they? Their clear motive is to stir up sunni's living within these countries into armed insurgency. In other words, they're brining nothing more useful to the table that inflaming age old tribal conflicts, yet they get a pass out because they're aligned to America's energy policy and the UK's arms export trade.
The Turks are behaving slightly differently, and I think in time they might come to realign against ISIL, but for now most of their activity has been concentrated against Kurds, who of course, the US are supplying! - madness really!
So back to Putin. I tend to think that his signing of that protocl of co-operation with Iraq 24 hours before he began his air campaign wasn't without significance. You can see a Shia nexus forming across the north of the region that is looking to fall under Russian protection, which involves Iran and Syria (possibly even coming to involve a Kurdish homeland in time too). Putin might be a product of the Soviet era, but so far as I can see his influences and operational MO are very much more in the tradition of old fashioned Russian nationalism and Tsarism. Russian nationalism has a very deep tradition, and shouldn't be under estimated. It's really imperialist in nature and isn't motivated by the promotion of a political philosophy. His is looking more like a policy of reconquista
The future that's potentially shaping up is for a bloc of Shia countries supported by Russia who are already more advanced in their embrace of some democratic structures, aligned against the sunni gulf states who are the more regressive, but supported by the US, with very little attention given to their embarrassing contradictions (anyone remember Bahrain?). Is this going to be helpful to the region? Almost certainly not. Longer term trying to reconcile this tension is going to become a key
The US could make a better contribution if they started to work their own allies a bit. I'm not convinced that the Shia states of the north are naturally inclined towards Russia, but for so long as America's sunni allies are sponsoring civil wars within those countries, whose arms are they being forced into? As Ice says, the activity of Qatar and Saudi is highly questionable under international law. Russia has observed this more rigidly than the US has. They're at least responding to a call for assistance from a ratified UN member state
The so called Free Syrian Army is a rag bag bunch of splinters engaged equally in fighting inter and intra factional local tribal wars as much as they are the Assad regime. It is similar Spain in the 1930's. America would be better off trying to stand them down as a fighting force and seeking instead to win the peace (provided that the groundswell of support they think exists, really does).
The Russians have of course accussed the American's of "pretending to bomb ISIL", I think there might be a grain of truth in this. Periodically bombing a bit of back structure isn't of great strategic significance when the losses can be replenished within a matter of days. In order to make this meaningful you need able ground forces in position to exploit the opportunity that the bombing creates. The Russian activity to date is seemingly more focused on bombing to win back territory. Lets not forget that territory is the life source of the caliphate, so lets see what the picture looks like in 6 months.
Personally I expect to see some hiccups along the way, and it's very much fingers crossed and hope for the best time. It has all the ingredients of an accident waiting to happen. I dread to see what the reaction is going to be when a Russian jet is brought down by an American manufactured, Qatari supplied, anti aircraft wepaon.
The Americans announced yesterday of course that they've taken to airdrops now in support of the YPG. As if to underline the whole chaos of the policy in Syria, Amnesty released a report the same day condemning the YPG for war crimes committed against civilians in the wake of retreating ISIL units. It has shades of the Iranian Shia milita who were so instrumental in liberating Tikrit in the summer. The Iraqi army couldn't do the job you'll remember, but the militia units that could, then went on an orgy of reprisals.
Russia, in co-ordation with the Syrian army should start to regain territory (we hope) and push back ISIL eventually. The danger has to come if these actions start to act as a recruiting base for the militants. The west has certainly warned Russia about this (seemingly with no sense of irony) but it is a legitimate concern, as I suspect will become the behaviour of an Islamic State in retreat. For now I tend to think what the west is tacitly acknowledging however is some of the failures of their own attempts to win hearts and minds.
Russia probably starts from a higher base though. They don't carry the baggage that the US does, and they have at least been invited into a country rather than imposing themselves on it. I'd accept however that their way of waging war will be less sophisticated and expensive, and is going to cause more collateral damage, and with this a clear danger exists. What's the alternative though? Just let the Islamic State continue to expand. Allow the next generation of Jihadi babies to reach fighting age in about 10 years with their Islamic State in tact?, not to mention anything they've exported longer term that is left 'sleeping' around the world
I don't see that there's any accommodation with ISIL, which makes war inevitable. The only questions to be resolved really is it's scale and temporal horizon